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How old is the Pterosaur-Extinction Idea?

digital copy of front cover of the nonfiction book by Jonathan Whitcomb

The assumption that all “pterodactyls” became extinct long ago—that idea is old itself. According to the third edition of Searching for Ropens and Finding God, it seems to have started at the time of George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, in the late 1700’s:

Four years before George Washington was elected to his first term in the United States, Cosimo Collini made the first pterosaur-fossil examination in Europe. Nobody knew anything about radiometric dating in 1784, not even Benjamin Franklin, but Mr. Collini knew something was special about this animal. . . .

Mr. Collini, however, thought that the strange creature was a swimmer, not a flyer. It took a few years, at least, for that mistake to be cleared up: Pterosaurs have wings, not flippers:

Our first exposure to a world in which a giant reptile might fly—that came from Georges Cuvier in 1801, although the fossil was small. Eight years later, a new name was born, not the one now used by scientists for a general type, “pterosaur,” but a name cherished by compromising non-scientists: “pterodactyl.”

Those early scientists in Europe began their pterosaur-fossil research with an assumption that has become cemented into Western culture: the idea that all species of pterosaurs became extinct long ago. But that was only an assumption. Indeed, there is no scientific test for the extinction of any species of any type of creature, let alone a more general type. By the late nineteenth century, Americans and other Westerners had been so deeply indoctrinated into that assumption that any report of anything like a living dragon or living pterosaur (or “pterodactyl”) was generally treated with contempt. Consider the following brief excerpt that is quoted more extensively in the nonfiction book Searching for Ropens and Finding God:

It is true, as our contemporary observes, that geological eras overlap and that an occasional specimen of the fauna or flora of one era is found in the fossils of its successor. But for that to be the case the eras must follow each other without break. There is no more chance of finding at the present day a living member of the vast reptile family which flourished in the cretaceous age than there is of Noah’s Ark coming into port and anchoring off Meiggs Wharf. Not only is that the case, but quite a considerable number of species of animals which lived in the present era a few centuries ago have died out, or are dying out. . . . In our own time the buffalo is rapidly disappearing. It will cease to exist unless care is taken to preserve a few members of the family in public parks. They write from Australia that the kangaroo is growing scarce. It also will probably only survive in captivity. . . . [The Morning Call newspaper of San Francisco, Wednesday, August 5, 1891]

Notwithstanding critics of reports of modern living pterosaurs, eyewitnesses continue to come forward and the investigation of those reports continues.

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digital copy of front cover of the nonfiction book by Jonathan Whitcomb

Third edition of what was titled “Searching for Ropens”

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Live Pterosaurs, a Book Review, and Science

cover of "Live Pterosaurs in Australia and in Papua New Guinea"

Last week, an Amazon book review shocked me, not so much because somebody wrote a negative review of one of my books but because it appeared at first to have been written about a different book, not mine. After reading over, several times, the comments by “WS,” I came to better understand why his book review appeared unrelated to Live Pterosaurs in Australia and in Papua New Guinea. WS had become upset because his comfortable assumptions about one or more popular standard-model axioms of science had been challenged in his reading of my book.

Definition of “Science”

It appears that WS’s personal definition of “science” includes something like this: All dinosaurs and pterosaurs became extinct millions of years ago. He wrote nothing like that in his book review, so how did I come to that conclusion? Notice what he did write:

“A large portion of it is devoted to the author’s antiscience rhetoric . . .”

“Rhetoric” is a word sometimes chosen by someone offended by another’s words, and it is used to belittle ideas with which one disagrees, therefore we can dispense with that word after acknowledging that WS disagrees with something I have written.

I have found some clues that suggest WS has been careless in his reading and thinking. If he had looked more closely at the Amazon Book Description, he would have noticed this: “Learn for yourself what many scientists never imagine.” The book contradicts a common assumption held by many scientists. (I’m sure many purchasers of many Amazon books fail to read all the contents of the Book Descriptions; WS may be typical.)

Of course I could have been more careful myself, in writing that Amazon Book Description, making it easier for potential readers to know that the subject is controversial and contrary to deeply held assumptions about extinction. But WS seems to have also been careless while reading the book.

Perhaps the following paragraph in the book can help explain why WS chose the word “antiscience:”

Some eyewitnesses fear discovering the monstrous possibility of personal insanity. Others fear not insanity itself but the opinions of anyone who might think them insane. Others fear discovering that some of what they had been taught about science was false; they prefer to believe that scientific proclamations must always be true. How grateful I am for those who, in spite of their fears, report to me their encounters!

I believe that WS read the sentence that included “scientific proclamations” and realized I was fighting against one or more of those proclamations, so that reader concluded that I was against science, in other words my writings are “antiscience.” But how great is the difference between scientific proclamations and science!

Any scientist can proclaim a new idea, be it classified as a conjecture, hypothesis, or theory. What if that idea contradicts a popular idea held by many scientists? Such a submission of an idea does not mean that the scientist has become transformed into an anti-scientist. In fact, holding too firmly to a scientific axiom might actually be a problem, especially if significant evidence appears to contradict the axiom.

I believe that WS was unprepared for the book Live Pterosaurs in Australia and in Papua New Guinea. He was unwilling to consider the possibility that a popular axiom of biology might be faulty or just plain wrong.

Four Chapters – Four Sightings

Table of Contents for a nonfiction cryptozoology book about sightings of pterosaurs in the southwest Pacific

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

This reviewer of my book Live Pterosaurs in Australia and in Papua New Guinea wrote this:

“The book really consists of one or two intriguing reports . . .”

Let’s move away from WS’s personal opinion about what is or is not “intriguing,” for his statement about numbers of reports can seriously mislead people who read his book review. Four of the chapters shown in the above image of the Table of Contents are each devoted to a sighting report; those are the key sightings, critical to understanding the credibility of pterosaur sightings in general. The book also contains other sightings, a good number, notwithstanding WS’s statement about “one or two.”

The four key sightings (each with a chapter of its own) are these:

  • The Finschhafen Pterodactyl
  • The Bougainville Creature
  • The Lake Pung Encounter
  • The Perth Creature

Here’s a part of what’s found in the chapter “The Bougainville Creature:”

The creature I saw one early morning in Bougainville is etched in my memory. . . . I actually heard it before I saw it. A slow flap…flap…flapping sound. The air was still, and our truck had stopped on our downward journey from the top of the range to the coast way below. The sound was amplified by the road-cutting into the mountain. That is, there was bare red/orange clay, rather than the surrounding jungle.

I can’t remember why our vehicle had stopped. Maybe we had to wait for another vehicle to pass us. I don’t know. But I can still hear that slow flapping sound in the stillness of an early tropical morn, on the road from Panguna down to Loloho on Bougainville Island in 1971.

When I looked up . . . I saw a very unusual creature. Firstly, it was very big (wingspan at least 2 metres, probably more . . . possibly much, much more). I can’t remember the exact distance estimate that this creature was from me . . . It was black or dark brown. I had never seen anything like it before. It certainly looked prehistoric, in that it did not look like any other bird that I have seen before or since.

Why prehistoric? Well, maybe my memory has been influenced by the intervening years, but I recall seeing this creature with a longish narrow tail . . . the head was disproportionately large compared to the body (no feathers in sight). The wingspan was large. The head had no ‘normal’ beak. Rather there seemed to be . . . a kind of beak that was indistinguishable from the head, and the head seemed to continue this ‘point’ at the back of the head. There was a clear line running from the ‘beak’ to the back of the head..where the ‘line’ continued to protrude . . .

For those who were previously unaware of the eyewitness in this sighting, don’t assume Brian Hennessy is crazy for seeing such a thing. Mr. Hennessy is himself a professional psychologist.

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Commenting on a Review of a Pterosaur Book

Consider WS’s declaration: “The book really consists of one or two intriguing reports . . .” Without the word “intriguing,” that statement is patently false. With the word, WS is declaring his opinion or his personal interest in a small portion of the sighting reports. But WS’s statement can be misleading, for no mention is made about the many sighting reports investigated in the book, the many reports that he personally does not find intriguing.

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cover of "Live Pterosaurs in Australia and in Papua New Guinea"

Non-fiction cryptozoology: Live Pterosaurs in Australia and in Papua New Guinea

Part of the Preface:

You will here find reports of encounters with apparent living pterosaurs, including many accounts never before published in any book. Other sighting reports are condensed from the print book “Searching for Ropens.” The ebook you are now examining is neither exhaustive nor rudimentary, but it explains most of what most Australians, and others, need to know about what might, on rare occasions, fly over their heads at night.

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More About the new Cryptozoology Book

cover of "Live Pterosaurs in Australia and in Papua New Guinea"

Live Pterosaurs in Australia and in Papua New Guinea, my third nonfiction cryptozoology book, differs in being published only in electronic form: Amazon Kindle format. It’s also shorter, about 76 pages, making it much less expensive than the average cryptozoology book: $3.99. Update: This digital book is now given away FREE, through an easy pdf download. This free giveaway is to promote worldwide awareness of these wonderful sightings and the wonderful news that pterosaurs, in at least a few species, are still living. Immediate download here: FREE BOOK.

Before quoting from the book, let’s consider an example of Western indoctrination. My wife runs a child care business where many of the preschoolers come early. This morning, a thirteen-month-old boy was feeling sleepy, so he was put to bed with a children’s educational television show playing on low volume. Just as two other preschoolers (a three-year-old and a two-year old) were about to come into the room, the man on the children’s show displayed a picture of a dinosaur and said, “All dinosaurs are extinct.”

From the first chapter:

By the middle of the twentieth century, school teachings had cemented the ancient-extinction idea into Western culture, so dinosaurs and pterosaurs were portrayed as living only in science fiction and dragons only in fantasy. Expeditions in central Africa, searches for a sauropod dinosaur, were the rare exception, with no official discovery. . . .

. . . I don’t blame anybody for simply assuming that their ancient extinction is scientific truth, for we’ve been taught that idea all of our lives. Real science, however, progresses, and progress means change, even when it shocks us. . . .

. . . As you read the following chapters, consider the following perspective. What eyewitness reports should we expect, should uncommon nocturnal pterosaurs live in the southwest Pacific? I suggest that sightings would be relatively few and mostly at a distance and under less than ideal viewing conditions; only a small percentage of encounters would convince eyewitnesses that they had seen a living pterosaur. . . .

The Preface, at the beginning of the book:

Preface to this nonfiction cryptozoology book about modern pterodactyls

Living Pterosaurs in Australia

Even if you’ve never been in Australia or in Papua New Guinea (PNG), you might live within a culture similar to a culture in one of those two countries, regarding disbelief or belief in modern living pterosaurs or in flying dragons . . .

Ebook “Live Pterosaurs in Australia and in Papua New Guinea”

Featherless creatures fly overhead, in Papua New Guinea and in Australia. This nonfiction gives you up-to-date eyewitness reports, informing you why these creatures are still alive and why they are so rarely reported in newspapers.

Number One Selling Cryptozoology Book

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  4. Caverns, Cauldrons, and Concealed Creatures
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